Using Essential oils to remove ticks and tick bites

Using Essential oils to remove ticks and tick bites

Using Essential oils to remove ticks and tick bites

**Everything that follows is from a viral Facebook post of mine that originated on May 25, 2017.

In an effort to combat the newest recommendation of putting peppermint essential oil on the tick while it is embedded. NOT a good idea, please do not apply anything to the tick.

For those of you who question the accuracy of the information I provided, I applaud you! Whether you are a believer or not, you should question and fact check everything you read, on the Internet or otherwise.

I am providing you with just a few of my findings. Some of the research papers are not available in full to the public unless paid, but I assure you I have them in full and have read them.

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The risks of infection and other problems from a tick bite increase if the removal isn’t correctly done. The CDC offers some warnings on tick removal. You should never:

• burn the tick with a hot object
• kill the tick while it’s still attached to you
• lubricate the tick with oil or other liquid
• twist the tick’s body when pulling it out

(Therefore, I do not see a benefit to using the twisting tool that was shared in the comments of the thread)

Healthline Tick Removal

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“DO NOT try to burn the tick with a match or other hot object.
DO NOT twist the tick when pulling it out.
DO NOT try to kill, smother, or lubricate the tick with oil, alcohol, Vaseline, or similar material while the tick is still embedded in the skin.”
This can kill the tick before it disengages its mouthparts. It can also cause the tick to regurgitate its contents into the wound, increasing the likelihood of transmitting a number of diseases.

 

Should we use Essential Oils on Ticks and Tick Bites?

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Medline Plus Important Information

“Prompt removal of attached ticks is a prudent public health measure, especially in regions where Lyme disease is endemic”.

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In Australia, ticks are even more deadly, causing paralysis in humans and easily killing small animals!

“In the past, there’s been a whole range of ‘urban myths’ — substances you need to put on ticks to remove them, everything from a lighted match to kerosene to nail polish remover,” Dr. Webb says.

“The problem is that will just make the tick agitated, and the more agitated it is, the more likely it is to inject saliva and toxin into the bite site.

“Even worse is if you try to remove a tick with your fingers, you’re actually just squeezing it and potentially squeezing more toxin into yourself.”

One of two methods they suggest killing the tick instantly by freezing it by using: Aerostart (a spray used to start car engines), ether-containing sprays (such as those that freeze off warts) or liquid nitrogen (which you’d need to access via your doctor). This would kill the tick instantly!

Next to freezing it, the second method is removing it “whole” as quickly as possible.

ABC AU Important Information

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Placing peppermint essential oil, kerosene, petroleum jelly, etc…DOES NOT kill the tick quickly enough. Herein lies the issue: they will become agitated as you are essentially smothering them, greatly increasing the likelihood of them regurgitating their contents inside of you.

I watched the infamous video being shared on Facebook of applying peppermint essential oil to the tick. I ask that you search for it in the search bar, watch it and count how many seconds after applying the oil it takes for the tick to let go and remove it’s hold on its victim. 16 seconds! The tick crawled away, it did not kill it nearly quickly enough if at all…it needs to kill them instantly!

I very rarely share “opinions” in regards to important topics like these..know that I am a strong researcher, a critical thinker..and always look at risk vs benefit in all situations….so I wanted to be sure to validate my stance on this issue.

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Additional Resources

CDC Ticks

NetDoctor Tick Removal

Lyme Net Europe

Everything you ever want to know about ticks, their mechanisms of feeding, findings of how often they regurgitate, etc. This shows how important prompt removal is.

Research Paper 1

Research Paper 2

Lastly, here is a good research paper on the prevention of tick bites using lemon eucalyptus extract that may be of interest to some of you who live in tick-infested areas of the country.

 

I hope that this information helps you!

 

Like so many practices in life, I encourage you to become educated on the proper use of essential oils. When using them, please do so cautiously, understanding that there is often misinformation on the internet. You can be assured that I support only educated and proven resources. While essential oils should not be feared they should be respected and used properly to ensure the safety of the individuals using them.

Please note that I am not a medical practitioner. The content of this website is provided for general informational purposes only and is not intended as, nor should it be considered a substitute for, professional medical advice. Do not use the information on this website for diagnosing or treating any medical or health condition. If you have or suspect you have a medical problem, promptly contact your professional healthcare provider. By using this website, you assume full responsibility and liability for your own actions.

 

 

Essential Oil Skeptics-Confirmation Bias

 

Supporting others when under stress….holistically

Supporting others when under stress….holistically

Is there anyone that is stress-free? Some say that a small amount of stress is healthy, as well as we can identify “good stress” (eustress) and “bad stress” (distress). There is one thing I can agree with, that stress reduction is just as important as stress management…and this all starts with our attitude and a whole lot of self-care/self-love.

The key is working to become more stress resilient…as we know completely eliminating stress is very unlikely. –Leslie Moldenauer

When we look at things logically and with a clear head, we can see that even our youngest are under stress. School, sports, strict schedules and always being on the move can stress out parent and child alike.

Now that I am in the school system I can easily see how much stress our youth is under. There is SO MUCH PRESSURE to not only succeed but to compete. I reiterate with my boys daily that perfection is simply not attainable, or desirable. This may not be a popular opinion, but once I became very clear with my boys that straight A’s were not only not expected, but also not encouraged, they let out a big exhale.

It is much more important to me that they learn life skills, that they are good people! These things are not taught in school nearly enough. I assure you, that is not me removing my own responsibility as their mom, however, much of our youth have little education on how to deal with the emotional aspects of life……..it is just not being focused on.

There are too many boxes that children are being put into…..I say break down the boxes!

Now let us look at how hard life can be sometimes for us adults. Adults have very real problems…and many of us do not hold space for others, forgetting that even in the worst of moments…that everyone has a story, everyone has wounds, and everyone struggles…just as you do.

Ego often takes precedence over the spirit. Myself, included, sometimes when we are so buried in our own stuff we forget that others have real problems too, and maybe even more important, that others may be suffering.

So do we suffer in silence? Do we speak up? Do we ask for help? Asking for someone to hold space for us does not mean that we are looking for our problems to be solved, for anyone to truly “get involved” or anything of the sort.

You can hold space for someone by just being there. You can offer gentle, non-judgmental support and guidance. By simply being there, you can make a big difference in someone’s life. By telling my boys that I am there for them no matter what they are feeling or what they think they have “done”, it immediately reduces their stress. By showing them that their feelings are normal..and even expected, helps them to release the attachment they have to it. Separating yourself and becoming non-attached is THE single healthiest thing you can do for yourself at any given moment.

Non-attachment is freedom from ‘things’. It is removing your attachment to any particular outcome, simply letting go and enjoy the process….enjoy the present moment.

What Else Can We Do?

There are a few things that we have done that have improved things in our home in addition to truly being non-judgmental and holding space:

*We have stopped overscheduling. Sometimes in life, it is more important to “be” than to “do”. Let me tell you how painful this was for my kids at first. DO NOTHING? They thought mom had lost it. But now they actually ask for quiet time, and “most of the time” they are much more even kind and forgiving of each other.

*I make them say things out loud, sometimes in front of the mirror like “I love me”, “I am good enough” and “it is ok to make mistakes”. This was as hard as you could possibly imagine at first..and sometimes they still struggle with it, but more often than not we giggle through any awkward moments and they do amazing…(and feel amazing afterword too). Mirror work is incredibly powerful, don’t knock it until you have truly tried it multiple times.

*We as a family have had to make plenty of time to shut down our electronics. This is actually a ‘cause’ of stress in so many ways. The more we can disconnect with our electronics, social media, and games and get back to real life relationships, nature, and self-care….the less stressed we are.

Other than helping nudge their own attitude and beliefs in the right direction, we utilize aromatherapy to get us through the tougher moments, as we as a family have been handed a rough share of things in the last couple of years, as many of my readers likely have as well.

My boys have diffusers in their rooms, a variety of aroma inhalers, and have their favorite oils. My oldest loves Sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) and Sandalwood (Santalum album), but he is most affected by Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia). My youngest says, “just make me some magic mom”, but he is most affected by Sweet Orange (Citrus sinensis).

I have had many a-ha moments with kids in particular, but we aromatherapists know that they have a most profound effect on all of our emotions…some would consider them magic…myself included.

What are you inhaling today?

Want to have dozens of recipes at your fingertips along with fun, healing mantras to teach your children? Grab my ‘Aromatherapy for Kids’ book today!

Like so many practices in life, I encourage you to become educated on the proper use of essential oils. When using them, please do so cautiously, understanding that there is often misinformation on the internet. You can be assured that I support only educated and proven resources. While essential oils should not be feared they should be respected and used properly to ensure the safety of the individuals using them.

Please note that I am not a medical practitioner. The content of this website is provided for general informational purposes only and is not intended as, nor should it be considered a substitute for, professional medical advice. Do not use the information on this website for diagnosing or treating any medical or health condition. If you have or suspect you have a medical problem, promptly contact your professional healthcare provider. By using this website, you assume full responsibility and liability for your own actions.

Back to School Essential Oils and More!

Introducing the Foojin Personal Wearable Diffuser

 

 

Fusion AromaTherapy™ in Dutch Palliative Care

Fusion AromaTherapy™ in Dutch Palliative Care

I am honored and incredibly humbled to present you this guest blog post from Madeleine Kerkhof, well known for utilizing aromatics in hospice care and palliative care. This is such important work, to enhance the wellbeing of the elderly, and to bring peace and comfort to the ill and dying utilizing aromatics.

 

© Madeleine Kerkhof-Wellhüner

 

In my over 20 years of working with natural medicine and aromatherapy, I have seen and experienced the power of aromatic plants and their extracts to the fullest. Apart from conventional essential oils and aromatics, I work with CO2 extracts, still a fairly new thing in aromatherapy. These extracts can be very valuable, I found. In the course of the last 10 years, I developed the course program Fusion AromaTherapy™ in which I teach how to use essential oils and CO2 extracts to enhance the wellbeing of the elderly, the very ill and dying.

As a former nurse, now aromatherapist and expert and teacher complementary therapies, I am accredited by the Dutch Board of Nursing. I frequently visit hospices and palliative care units in The Netherlands, either to teach staff, and in special cases also for consultations. I would like to share with you the profound effect that the use of a blend with a CO2 extract had on patients.

 

The sleepless couple

I was in the Hospice Laurens Cadenza in Rotterdam, the largest hospice in The Netherlands with 20 beds. Although it is a modern building and the biggest in The Netherlands, there is a good and homely atmosphere.

That day I was there to teach nurses and volunteers. They had been taught basic complementary care techniques by me, including aromatherapy – which we prefer to call AromaCare – in the months before and were about to have an in depth one day seminar about complementary care on the subject of anxiety, depression and sleeplessness.

I usually arrived at the hospice some time before any seminar would start so I could answer any questions the staff might have. The head nurse told me about an elderly couple, let’s call them Mr. and Mrs. Janssen.

Mrs. Janssen was admitted a couple of weeks earlier, suffering from bowel cancer. Her life expectancy at the time of my visit was approximately one week. Mrs. Janssen also suffered from dementia, which left her confused and unable to express her fears, pains and worries. Although the staff tried everything to make her feel as comfortable as possible, she remained restless and disorientated.

They were both in their late 80’s and spent day and night together. They had been married for over 50 years and it was very difficult for Mr. Janssen to let her go. He hardly left the room, afraid that his wife would pass when he wasn’t around, or that she would become even more unsettled when she sensed his absence. He was very distraught about his wife’s progressing disease and imminent passing. It was extremely hard for him to see her deteriorate in this way. After all the years they had been together, he could not face living without her.

The nights were difficult for both of them. Mrs. Janssen was very restless and hardly slept at all. As a consequence, Mr. Janssen did not get any sleep either.

The head nurse and I decided to choose a blend of essential oils to diffuse in the room to make the couple more comfortable. Red mandarin (Citrus reticulata) was chosen for its positive effect on anxiety and sleeplessness and for its friendly sunny smell that brings sunshine in your heart and which would also appeal to Mrs. Janssen’s inner child.

Lavender High Altitude from the Haute Provence (Lavandula angustifolia) was chosen, because the couple both loved lavender. This special type contains high amounts of linalyl acetate and linalool, being one of the most calming en soothing lavenders of all.

Furthermore I chose frankincense CO2 extract for its unique scent and it’s relatively high contents of incensole acetate. Carefully CO2 extracted from Boswellia carterii resin from Somalia, it is the best extract of frankincense if you ask me. It is said that frankincense helps you to look beyond earthly matters and to let go of grief and old pains without having to go through all the motions again, something that this couple was not able to do anymore.

Frankincense is also one of the oils that can bring a deep sense of calm and rest, especially to confused and restless patients. It also helps to deepen en calm patients breathing patterns, contributing even stronger to the sedative effect.

Mr. Janssen was quite overwhelmed that we thought of such a personal blend. But not only that. He reminisced with tears in his eyes that his wife had loved the scent of frankincense from going to church. This particular pure frankincense extract came very close to the memory about treasured rituals during service in their local chapel.

Mr. Janssen simply loved the combination of the three oils. His wife could not respond verbally when we offered her the blend but she showed in no uncertain ways how it made her feel. To make a long story short, this lovely couple found a deep sense of peace and slept like babies during the last three days of Mrs. Janssen’s life.

What impressed me the most, and I will never forget that, was that we not offered peace and serenity to both Mr. and Mrs. Janssen, but more so that we managed to positively influence Mr. Janssen’s memory of his wife’s passing. Mr. Janssen was deeply thankful that his wife was able to come to rest and die in peace. That made the hardest thing he ever had to do just a little bit easier: letting go and retaining only the best memories of his beloved wife until the time came for him to join her.

 

Super Critical CO2 extraction in short

What is so special about CO2 extracts?

CO2 extracts, also known as supercritical CO2 extracts, are extremely pure plant extracts that are very similar to the original plant material. CO2 extracts are increasingly used in the flavoring and herbal medicine industries, as well as in perfumery and aromatherapy. Using CO2 extracts in aromatherapy requires specific knowledge of medicinal plants, their active components and the way they influence body, mind and spirit. Sometimes the extracts contain substances that were previously unknown in aromatherapy, simply because the extraction method was not available in aromatherapy when most books were written. The first (to my knowledge) who wrote about CO2 extracts – ginger – was Eliane Zimmerman, who inspired me greatly with her book for health professionals. In The Netherlands I was the first one to use CO2 extracts on a large and professional scale in aromatherapy, and worldwide I was the first to write a book on them: CO2 Extracts in Aromatherapy, 50+ Extracts for Clinical Applications, which was published in April of this year.

 

A brief explanation

Essential oils have traditionally been derived by steam or hydro distillation, expressed from the rinds of citrus fruit, or extracted using chemical solvents such as hexane, toluene or ethanol.

CO2 extraction uses pressurized carbon dioxide that is pumped into a vessel filled with plant matter. When carbon dioxide is subjected to a pressure of 73 bar and reaches 31°C, it becomes “supercritical” and starts behaving like a solvent, extracting essential oils and other CO2 soluble substances such as pigments, fatty acids, waxes and resins from the plant material.

CO2 extraction is a highly selective process. By altering the pressure and / or temperature, more or less substances are extracted. The temperature involved in the supercritical extraction process can vary between -10°C to around 65°C. CO2 extracts therefore are not subjected to thermodegradation. Nor are there changes due to oxygenation, because the process is performed under exclusion of oxygen.

By lifting the pressure after extraction, the carbon dioxide will turn into gas again and the extract remains, with no residue of the CO2 whatsoever and ensures that the plant molecules remain unchanged.

 

CO2 select and CO2 total

There are two main kinds of CO2 extracts:

CO2 select. The result of this method can be compared to steam or hydro distillation. A lower pressure is used to extract mainly volatile CO2 soluble components. This results in an oil that is similar, but often richer in composition and superior in fragrance to distilled essential oil.

CO2 totals. Here, a higher pressure is used. This extract will contain all CO2 soluble components, such as waxes, resins, pigments, fatty acids, essential oil, etc. In these extracts we often see molecules that will not show up in the essential oil of the same plant material. Ginger CO2-total for instance contains the valuable molecules gingerol and shogaol – well founded for their action against nausea and pain – that are not found in distilled ginger oil or in its CO2-select extract. Totals are almost identical to the plant they are derived from. They in turn are soluble in essential oils or in vegetable plant oils. Some need gentle warming to approximately 30°C to become fluid before adding them to any base product.

 

Pure plant

The scent of these extracts is as pure as the plant material itself. There is an almost unlimited potential to use CO2 extracts in psycho-aromatherapy.

In The Netherlands, especially in end of life care, guided imagery is utilized as a pleasant complementary technique that helps patients to unwind and to “go places” that bring fond memories or a sense of peace. Smelling the scent of German chamomile CO2 extract brings you to a chamomile field instantly, and the extract of lavender immediately brings memories of Provence, or the lavender in your grandmother’s garden. Many patients, especially those with cognitive issues respond extremely well to the purest scents of cinnamon bark Burmanii, star anise, vanilla or frankincense.

 

Pure medicine

CO2 extracts are pure, stable and completely free of chemical solvents such as hexane, pesticides or other unwanted substances. Production is environmentally friendly and very safe. There are many certified organic extracts available nowadays.

The medicinal properties are extensive and sometimes I’m blown away by the results. Generally speaking many CO2 extracts are richer and more intense, because a more complete profile of the plant is present in the end product.

Even small percentages (0.5-1%) can be extremely effective as additions to massage oil, creams, ointments or essential oil blends. It is vital however that indications, contra-indications, possible side effects and interactions with medication or other substances are carefully considered, just like we would do with conventional essential oils and aromatics. Once you have gained enough knowledge about the different components and their possible uses and limitations in medicine, you will find that they can give great results and be cost-effective at the same time.

 

Example: marigold

A very good example is marigold (Calendula officinalis). In my garden I grow marigolds for maceration. I macerate the flowers in a variety of base oils for different purposes. In almost all the skin care products I prepare on request for use in health care facilities I use marigold macerate.

Since I discovered how extremely valuable the CO2-total extract of marigold is, I add a certain percentage to many special formulations for the care of wounds, burns, abrasions and mouth care gels. We know that marigold flowers are rich in faradiol esters. The higher the percentage of faradiol esters, the better the anti-inflammatory properties, especially on the skin. The marigold CO2–total extract can contains around 25-28% faradiol esters, as well as carotenes and over 3% of essential oil.

 

Different

CO2 extracts can be quite different from essential oils. So can they be used in the same manner as essential oils? Sometimes they can, sometimes they cannot. To shed light on that I describe over 50 extracts in my new book, which is now available around the world. I feel there is great potential in the use of CO2 extracts in modern aromatherapy, and the results I book on patient wellbeing are excellent. And that is my main passion: fusing aromatics together in blends and treatment options to enhance health, wellbeing and quality of life.

 

If you have any questions, you can find me through info@kicozo.nl.

 

Kind regards,

Madeleine Kerkhof.

 

References:

Please see for extensive lists: CO2 Extracts in Aromatherapy, 50+ Extracts for Clinical Applications, M. Kerkhof, 2016, Kicozo.

 

Madeleines’ books found here 

 

Links to upcoming courses in the USA

http://www.kicozo.nl/course-3-days-in-usa-fusion-aromatherapy-in-palliative-care/

http://www.kicozo.nl/course-4-days-in-usa-fusion-aromatherapy-and-pain/

Introducing the Foojin Personal Wearable Diffuser

Introducing the Foojin Personal Wearable Diffuser

I am thrilled to introduce to you to a revolutionary way to obtain optimal therapeutic benefits of essential oils, hands-free.

 

I love aromatherapy inhalers, and use them over atomizing diffusers at home because I have two felines. Essential oils are just not as safe for them as I would like, so I only diffuse when they are far from the diffuser, therefore inhalers are my first go to. I love them, but there are many times where I wish I could be hands-free, and consistently try other solutions.

 

So when a gentleman offering that very solution contacted me, I could not wait to try it. Introducing the Foojin personal wearable diffuser. What is it? The Foojin is a personal diffuser made from the highest quality grade of medical plastic available on the market to date. The wicks are FDA approved plastic, engineered with essential oils in mind.

 

I was having a bit of a stressful day when the package arrived in the mail, so the timing was perfect. I opened up the package, and utilizing the glass pipette that was provided, I applied one drop of Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) to each cotton wick, placed them into the wells, and inserted the diffuser into my nose. One of my initial concerns was immediately put at ease, which was it would be uncomfortable. It did take a minute to get used to it, but it was far from uncomfortable. Another concern was that the aroma would be overwhelming, but I quickly realized that was not the case either. You are in complete control of how little or how much you use, and it is easy to just remove it and place into the plastic storage container provided.

 

 

With so many ways and reasons to use it, I highly recommend purchasing one of your own! What are a few of the ways I have used it so far?

 

* Hands-free driving. Going for a long drive, suffer from stress and anxiety behind the wheel or motion sickness? This is my top recommendation for use of the Foojin. Hands-free driving, therapeutic levels of aromatherapy, and you are not affecting anyone else in the car. Win-win!

 

* Working at your computer? Studying? Need to be alert and completely focused? The wearable diffuser is perfect. Truth be told, I used to stick the aroma inhaler up my nose so I could do this in the past, but it never stayed in place. Foojin, problem solved.

 

* I mentioned above that I have felines. I rescued an adorable brother and sister duo that are now a part of the family. I also have two boys, ages 10 and 12, who used the stink of the litter box as a viable reason that they cannot possibly handle the chore of cleaning it. I handed them the Foojin. They were skeptical but tried it and they are sold. Happy mom!

 

* This handy device has been amazing for sinus issues that allergies or a cold bring.

 

* The orange Foojin is specifically for exercise. Drop in a little peppermint and you will quickly see how your workouts improve. Learn more about that study, here.

 

* Do food cravings hit at a predictable time of day for you as mine do? Utilize an oil like grapefruit in your device which has been proved to reduce food cravings, and pass on those extra unnecessary calories. Read the study, here.

 

* Do you enjoy yoga, meditation, tai chi, or something where grounding and quieting the mind are the goal? I use a favorite like Sandalwood essential oil in my device and have found my practice is greatly enhanced.

 

*Moms…Do you have a small baby in the room and need the benefits of essential oils and both of your hands to care for them? Here is your solution!

 

*Nurses, are you around more germs than you would like, or are you looking for a way to block out some of the less desirable smells and can not risk affecting those around you? The therapeutic Foojin is skin colored to be more inconspicuous. If you do not care about what others think…. like me…. wear it in public places that will help assist you and your wellness.

 

I am sold on the unit and wanted to help get it in the hands of many others, revolutionizing the way we diffuse essential oils. I sent units to a few colleagues for their review. This is what they had to say:

 

“I have been happy with the results of using the Foojin oil diffuser. I first used it with Frankincense to diffuse a headache; within a few moments I could feel total clarity (like oxygen to the brain) and, the pressure was released from my head giving me great relief. The second time I used the inhaler was for relaxing and shutting down before bedtime. I used a drop of chamomile and was very relaxed within a few minutes; I am not sure I would sleep with it though. Lastly, I have used this personal inhaler while studying and I will continue to use it mostly in this manner. I would recommend this to others and look forward to using the Foojin with peppermint essential oil on my next road trip to keep me alert. The ways in which this product can be used is endless”! –Connie Sue

 

“Foojin is my new favorite way to receive the benefits of essential oils via inhalation. The nasal clip is easy to use and comfortable to wear.  It’s convenient, hands-free, and provides you the flexibility of being able to move from room to room.  I was initially concerned that the aroma would be overwhelming, right under the nose, but using one drop on each wick as recommended proved to be just the right amount.  My favorite time to use it is while getting around in the morning or when I need a pick me up at my desk in the afternoon. This could be a game-changer for sure!”-Megan Hemling

 

I was excited to try the Foojin! Despite my initial concerns, I was delighted with the product! I worried the fragrance might be overwhelming with the pads so close to the nose, but the level of the aroma is surprisingly pleasant, and gentle! I was also concerned that the device might pinch the nose, or be uncomfortable to wear. However, the plastic is perfectly rounded and surprisingly comfortable. All in all, a great product that I would recommend to anyone looking for hands-free, portable essential oil inhalation” –Ashley Glassman.

 

The Foojin is revolutionizing the way that we diffuse essential oils. Get yours today.

 

**If you are a nurse or other medical practitioner and are interested in getting these into your location, please reach out to me @ Lifeholistically@gmail.com

Complementary Therapies to Support Mental Wellness

Complementary Therapies to Support Mental Wellness

Complementary Therapies to Support Mental Wellness

 

According to the World Health Organization, mental health is defined as “a state of well-being in which the individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community” [1].

 

The overall definition is an important one, and the most important part is someone that can cope with the normal stresses of life. Everyone is under stress, some of us much more than others…. life is full of ups and downs, and the more we can cope, the more resilient we are, the healthier we will be in mind and body.

 

Complementary therapies are very effective in helping us to become more resilient. According to a survey from the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, “83 million U.S. adults spent $33.9 billion out-of-pocket on visits to CAM practitioners and on purchases of CAM products, classes, and materials. In total, there were approximately 354 million visits to CAM practitioners and approximately 835 million purchases” [2]. These numbers show us that complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies are rapidly gaining popularity in the U.S. Why? Because they are so effective!

 

If you find yourself struggling to cope and are feeling anxious, worried, missing sleep, or feeling exhausted after a good night sleep, herbal remedies are a great first therapy to try.

 

Herbal Remedies

 

An herb is any part of a plant that has a therapeutic value.  The American Herbalists Guild states, “Herbal medicine is the art and science of using herbs for promoting health and preventing and treating illness. It has persisted as the world’s primary form of medicine since the beginning of time, with a written history more than 5000 years old” [3].

 

When used appropriately, herbal remedies are extremely safe and effective. A great place to start is an herbaceous cup of tea.Chamomile is wonderfully calming, and its subtle floral, fruity notes fill more than one million cups every single day! [4].

 

Herbal Tea Blend

 

Chamomile contains flavonoids and terpenoids, which attribute to its many medicinal properties. The following herbal blend will soothe the mind and renew the spirit.

 

Mix equal parts:

Chamomile
Lavender flowers
Passionflower
Spearmint

Store in a sealed mason jar. Add one teaspoon of the mixture in your favorite tea strainer, steep and relax.

 

Herbal Tincture

 

If you love to try your hand at DIY projects, an herbal tincture is also a fantastic way to help the body and mind cope with life’s more stressful moments.

 

Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) is an herbal masterpiece. This herb is an adaptogen, which helps the body manage stress. In Sanskrit ashwagandha means “the smell of a horse,” indicating that the herb brings the vigor and strength of a stallion. This gem is a very effective, evidence-based remedy for stress and anxiety by helping to lower cortisol, our stress hormone [5].

 

Here is what you will need:

1 part dried, cut ashwagandha root (not powdered)
4 parts 100 proof vodka

Place dried ashwagandha root into a sterilized glass jar. Pour in four parts vodka. Cover the jar and place it in a dark location. Shake it every day for a minimum of four weeks, six weeks is ideal. Strain well and transfer to small 2 or 4-ounce glass bottles with dropper (amber or cobalt).  Start with one dropper full per pay. If needed a healthy adult can utilize one dropper full, two times per day.

 

Aromatherapy

 

Essential oils have a pronounced effect on our emotions and can help to soothe fears, find your center and provide grounding, uplift a somber mood, and calm like no other therapy I know. Simply put, essential oils promote wellbeing.

I would like to highlight a few essential oils that I feel are superior for mental wellness.

 

Bergamot (Citrus bergamia) Bergamot has the ability to relax the mind yet be incredibly uplifting to the mood. Bergamot will help you to let go of any negativity you may be holding on to.

A recent crossover study performed in 2015 demonstrated that vapor inhalation of Bergamot essential oil positively changed mood states and lowered salivary cortisol levels (stress hormones) in the participants [6]. This is huge, showing bergamot is a superior choice to help stress resiliency.

 

Lavender (Lavandula angustifoliaA favorite of many, lavender essential oil contains sedative properties due to the constituent’s linalool and linalyl acetate. A study published in 2010 showed that inhaled lavender greatly reduced anxiety in dental patients waiting for their procedures [7].

 

Mandarin Red (Citrus reticulate) A study performed in 2008 by the Department of Pharmacology in Brazil found that after mice were given both Citrus reticulate and Citrus latifolia (Persian lime) via ether inhalation their sleep times increased as well as a reduction in their Obsessive-Compulsive behaviors (OCD) [8]. This study suggests that Mandarin red essential oil contains powerful anxiolytic therapeutic properties, and it smells amazing, too!

 

 Making a Master Blend

 

I suggest a master blend to my clients so continuous on the fly blending is not needed. You can place your blend in a bottle and store it in a cool, dark place.

Here is what you will need:

10ml glass essential oil bottle (amber or cobalt)
Mandarin red 30 drops
Bergamot 20 drops
Lavender 10 drops

With your blend created you can:

Add 15 drops to a portable essential oil inhale
Place drops in an aromatherapy diffuser (follow manufacturers recommendations on drop amount)
Place a few drops on a cotton swab and stick in your car vent, heat vent at home, or simply hold under your nose and inhale.

*Bergamot is highly phototoxic, therefore, you should not go into the sun or tanning bed after applying to the skin. If you want to apply to the skin, always dilute responsibly in a fatty vegetable-based carrier oil and keep exposed skin out of the sun for 12-24 hours [9].

 

Pranayama Breathing

 

I know some individuals are intimidated by yoga or meditation, but everyone can practice breathing techniques. Prāṇāyāma is a Sanskrit word translated as “extension of the prāṇa (breath or life force)” or “breath control.” The word itself is composed of two Sanskrit words: prana meaning life force, and ayama to restrain or control the prana [10].

 

The first practice is called Nadi Shodan, or alternate nostril breathing. This pranayama should be performed in a comfortable seated posture, spine straight:

 

  • Blow/clear your nose if needed before you begin.
  • Curl your index and middle finger toward the palm.
  • Rest your thumb on your right nostril, and your ring finger on your left nostril.
  • Let your eyes soften and close.
  • Slowly inhale deep into the belly and exhale. Close the right nostril with the thumb; inhale through the left nostril for 5 counts and exhale.
  • Inhale through the left nostril again for 5 counts, hold for 5 counts, close your left nostril and exhale through the right nostril for 5 counts.
  • Repeat on the right side. This makes 1 round.
  • Do up to 5 rounds.

 

This breathing technique will help to calm your mind and slow down your thoughts. It is a great technique to try when you are having trouble falling or staying asleep.

 

This next breathing technique is not within the yogic tradition, but a breathing technique created by Dr. Andrew Weil called the 4-7-8 breath [11]. I recommend this technique often as it can be performed anywhere, including while driving, in a bath, reading a book, lying in bed, etc.

 

According to Dr. Weil:

  • Exhale completely through your mouth, making a whoosh sound.
  • Close your mouth and inhale quietly through your nose to a mental count of four.
  • Hold your breath for a count of seven.
  • Exhale completely through your mouth, making a whoosh sound to a count of eight.
  • This is one breath. Now inhale again and repeat the cycle three more times for a total of four breaths.

 

You can complete either of these breathing techniques alongside aromatherapy for a powerful home practice.

 

When you are armed with proper information, basic complementary therapies are very attainable. You do not need to go it alone, let natural, complementary therapies help you to cope with stress when you need a little assistance.  To your healthy explorations. xo

 

 

References

[1] World Health Organization http://www.who.int/

[2] The Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine in the United States: Cost Data. https://nccih.nih.gov/news/camstats/costs/costdatafs.htm

[3] Herbal Medicine Fundamentals https://www.americanherbalistsguild.com/herbal-medicine-fundamentals

[4] Chamomile: A herbal medicine of the past with bright future https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2995283/

[5] Chandrasekhar, K. et al (2012) A Prospective, Randomized Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of Safety and Efficacy of a High-Concentration Full-Spectrum Extract of Ashwagandha Root in Reducing Stress and Anxiety in Adults. Indian journal of psychological medicine. Jul-Sep; 34(3): 255–262

[6] Watanabe, E. et al (2015) Effects of Bergamot (Citrus bergamia (Risso)Wright & Arn.) Essential Oil Aromatherapy on Mood States, Parasympathetic Nervous System Activity, and Salivary Cortisol Levels in 41 Healthy Females. Department of Immunology. 2015; 22:43–49

[7] Kritsidima, M. et al (2009) The effects of lavender scent on dental patient anxiety levels: a cluster randomised-controlled trial. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology. Feb;38(1):83-7.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19968674

[8] Gargano, A. et al (2008) Essential Oils from citrus latifolia and Citrus reticulate reduce anxiety and prolong ether sleeping time in mice. Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Bioscience, UNESP-Sao Paulo State University, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Published in Tree and forestry science and biotechnology 2 (special issue 1) 121-124

[9] Tisserand, R., Young, R., & Williamson, E. M. (2014). Essential oil safety: A guide for health care professionals. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier

[10] What is Pranayama? https://www.ekhartyoga.com/articles/practice/what-is-pranayama

[11] Three Breathing Exercises and Techniques https://www.drweil.com/health-wellness/body-mind-spirit/stress-anxiety/breathing-three-exercises/

 

Like so many practices in life, I encourage you to become educated on the proper use of essential oils. When using them, please do so cautiously, understanding that there is often misinformation on the internet. You can be assured that I support only educated and proven resources. While essential oils should not be feared they should be respected and used properly to ensure the safety of the individuals using them.

Please note that I am not a medical practitioner. The content of this website is provided for general informational purposes only and is not intended as, nor should it be considered a substitute for, professional medical advice. Do not use the information on this website for diagnosing or treating any medical or health condition. If you have or suspect you have a medical problem, promptly contact your professional healthcare provider. By using this website, you assume full responsibility and liability for your own actions.

BEFORE YOU GO! Remember to sign up for my FREE Facebook group! Hang out with me and THOUSANDS of other Essential Oil lovers looking to learn, click on to join Real Essential Oil Education Group!

 

Coping skills, resilience, and stress levels in our youth

 

PTSD, the Olfactory System and Essential Oils

PTSD, the Olfactory System and Essential Oils

 

I speak often about collaboration, not competition. I recently invited a fellow friend, colleague, and brilliant aromatherapist Rehne Kuik Burge CA to be a guest blogger and share her expertise with you, and that is “PTSD, the Olfactory System, and Essential Oils”.

 

 

PTSD, the Olfactory System and Essential Oils
By Rehne Burge, Certified Aromatherapist
NAHA Director for Louisiana
Soul Essentials Duo
Aromatherapy by Soul Essentials Duo (Facebook Group)

 

PTSD, once referred to as “shell shock” or battle fatigue, was first brought to attention by war veterans, and is a result of a direct traumatic, tragic or a terrifying event that one has witnessed or experienced in their lives.  This not only effects Veterans but also people that have experienced a tragic or traumatic event.  Being frightened under these circumstances is normal.   Fear triggers many split-second changes in the body to help defend against danger or to avoid it. This “fight-or-flight” response is a typical reaction meant to protect a person from harm.   Nearly everyone will experience a range of responses after trauma, yet most people recover from initial symptoms naturally.  Those who continue to experience problems may be diagnosed with PTSD.  People who have PTSD may feel stressed or frightened whether danger is present or not. From my personal experience, this can occur at any given time, without notice.  There is usually persistent frightening thoughts and memories of their ordeal and a feeling of being emotionally numb, especially with people they were once close to. (1)

 

Some people, unaware, will block the trauma and have their memory come back at a later time in life, leaving them even further traumatized.  Most people with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) repeatedly re-live the trauma in the form of nightmares, panic attacks, anxiety and disturbing recollections during the day. The nightmares or recollections may come and go, and a person may be free of them for weeks at a time, and then experience them daily for no particular reason.  This can occur whether the person remembers the trauma or not. It can sit idly by with no memory, yet the symptoms can still take place.

 

A person with PTSD may also experience sleep problems, depression, substance abuse, feeling detached or numb, or being easily startled.  As previously mentioned, there is the possibility of also loosing memory or cognition.  They may lose interest in things they used to enjoy and have trouble feeling affectionate. They may feel irritable, more aggressive than before, or even violent. Seeing things that remind them of the incident may be very distressing, which could lead them to avoid certain places or situations that bring back those memories. Anniversaries of the event are often very difficult.  The disorder is also associated with impairment of the person’s ability to function in social or family life, including occupational instability, marital problems and divorces, family discord, and difficulties in parenting.

 

What is Fear?

 

Fear is a feeling induced by perceived danger or threat that occurs in certain types of organisms, which causes a change in metabolic and organ functions and ultimately a change in behavior, such as fleeing, hiding, or freezing from perceived traumatic events. Or, in simpler terms, it’s an unpleasant emotion caused by the belief that someone or something is dangerous, likely to cause pain, or that may feel like a threat.  Fear in human beings may occur in response to a specific stimulus occurring in the present, or in anticipation or expectation of a future threat perceived as a risk to body or life. The fear response arises from the perception of danger leading to confrontation with or escape from/avoiding the threat (also known as the fight-or-flight response), which in extreme cases of fear (horror and terror) can be a freeze response or paralysis.  In the midst of my own panic attacks, I become so frightened of the visions that I scurry from anyone coming near me during an attack.

 

In humans and animals, fear is modulated by the process of cognition and learning. Thus fear is judged as rational or appropriate and irrational or inappropriate. An irrational fear is called a phobia.

 

Fear can cause a chain reaction in the brain that starts with a stressful stimulus, which can be any change or signal in the environment that can make an organism react in some way and end with the release of chemicals that cause a racing heart, fast breathing and energized muscles, among other things, also known as previously mentioned, the fight-or-flight response. When this occurs, it causes a change in metabolic and organ functions and ultimately a change in behavior such as fleeing, hiding, or freezing from perceived traumatic events.  The stimulus could be a spider, a knife at your throat, trauma of many sorts from war to child abuse or an auditorium full of people waiting for you to speak or the sudden thud of your front door against the door frame.

 

­More than 100 billion nerve cells comprise an intricate network of communications that is the starting point of everything we sense, think and do and this makes the brain a very complex and quite amazing organ. Some of these communications lead to conscious thought and action, while others produce autonomic responses. The fear response is almost entirely autonomic: We don’t consciously trigger it or even know what’s going on until it has run its course.

 

Cells in the brain (neurons) are constantly transferring information through a thread like extension of a neuron called a dendrite that carries nerve impulses toward the cell body and triggers responses.  There are dozens of areas of the brain at least peripherally involved in fear. But research has discovered that certain parts of the brain play central roles in the process:

SLXLM

  • Thalamus –  relays information to the cortex, processes and filters information and decides where to send incoming sensory data (from eyes, ears, mouth, skin)
  • Sensory cortex –located in the parietal lobe and interprets sensory data
  • Hippocampus – The hippocampus is a major component of the brains of humans and other vertebrates. Humans and other mammals have two hippocampuses, one in each side of the brain. The hippocampus belongs to the limbic system and plays important roles in the consolidation of information from short-term memory to long-term memory, and in spatial memory that enables navigation stores and retrieves conscious memories; processes sets of stimuli to establish context
  • Amygdala – Conditions such as anxiety, autism, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, and phobias are suspected of being linked to abnormal functioning of the amygdala, owing to damage, developmental problems, or neurotransmitter imbalance. It’s been shown to play a key role in the processing of emotions. The amygdala forms part of the limbic system. It decodes emotions; determines possible threat; stores fear memories
  • Hypothalamus – Although this portion of the brain is small in size, it is involved in many necessary processes of the body including behavioral, autonomic (involuntary or unconscious), and endocrine functions, such as metabolism and growth and development. It also activates the “fight or flight” response

 

­T­he process of creating fear begins with a scary stimulus and, as previously mentioned, ends with the fight-or-flight response. But there are at least two paths between the start and the end of the process. (2)

 

So how can we combat or deal with the responses of PTSD or fear?

 

Because the olfactory receptors are extremely sensitive, they can be easily stimulated by very subtle and sometimes subliminal scents.

 

Techniques were developed for exploiting the ability of scents to arouse potent emotional reactions. A person could learn to associate pleasant scents with a sense of security and self-control. You could subsequently use this newfound association to overcome phobias and prevent panic attacks. This may be especially effective for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with episodes of anxiety, flashbacks, and dissociation triggered by smells. (3)

 

Many combat veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have an olfactory component to their traumatic memories that might be utilized by one technique. Thirty-six outpatients with chronic PTSD, featuring resistant olfactory-induced flashbacks, were tested. 58% of the subjects responded to treatment by a reduction of 50% or more stress. Improvement was maintained at 6-month and 1-year follow-ups. Use of medication was curtailed. The technique showed potential for providing benefit to individuals suffering from PTSD with olfactory components. (4)

 

Silexan, a lavender oil preparation for oral use, had been authorized in Germany for the treatment of states of restlessness during anxious mood. An open-label, exploratory trial was performed to assess the potential of the medicinal product in the treatment of restlessness caused by anxiety as related to several disorders. Patients suffering from neurasthenia or PSD showed comparable improvements with most outcomes. The results in this trial justify to further investigate Silexan in disorders with accompanying restlessness caused by sub-threshold anxiety. Adverse reactions, predominantly gastrointestinal complaints, were judged as mild or moderate. (5)

 

Considering that so many illnesses are stress related, Lavender holds a special place in both preventative health care and in the treatment of tension-related illnesses. It offers a soothing and antispasmodic effect.  Lavender not only offers anti-inflammatory, skin-healing properties but also is loved for its effectiveness on stress related symptoms.  It’s calming, tension relieving and sedative properties is a big benefit to PTSD and other stress related symptoms.

 

There is growing evidence suggesting that lavender oil may be an effective medicament in treatment of several neurological disorders. Several animal and human investigations suggest anxiolytic, mood stabilizer, sedative, analgesic, and anticonvulsive and neuroprotective properties for lavender. These studies raised the possibility of revival of lavender therapeutic efficacy in neurological disorders. In the article, a survey on current experimental and clinical state of knowledge about the effect of lavender on the nervous system is given. (6)

 

Lavendula angustifolia (lavender) inhalation has been used in folk medicine for the treatment of anxiety, and clinical and animal studies have corroborated its anxiolytic effect, although its mechanism of action is still not fully understood. The results of referenced article indicate an important role for the serotonergic system in the anxiolytic-like effect of lavender essential oil (7)

 

The next oil that is showing promise in many research documents is Citrus bergamia, also known as “Bergamot,” which is a plant belonging to the Rutaceae family and is defined as a hybrid of bitter orange and lemon. It is an endemic plant of the Calabria region (Italy). Bergamot fruit is primarily used for the extraction of its essential oil.  The referenced article is aimed at collecting data from the literature on C. bergamia essential oil and, through a critical analysis, focus on safety and the beneficial effects on human health. Clinical studies on the therapeutic applications of bergamot essential oil exclusively focus on the field of aromatherapy, suggesting that its use can be useful for reducing anxiety and stress. (8) (13)

 

Abstract: Bergamot essential oil (BEO), Citrus aurantium subsp. bergamia (Risso) Wright & Arn. (Rutaceae), is used widely in aromatherapy to reduce stress and anxiety despite limited scientific evidence. A previous study showed that BEO significantly increased gamma-aminobutyric acid levels in rat hippocampus, suggesting potential anxiolytic properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of BEO (1.0%, 2.5% and 5.0% w/w) administered to rats on both anxiety-related behaviours (the elevated plus-maze (EPM) and hole-board tests) and stress-induced levels of plasma corticosterone in comparison with the effects of diazepam. Inhalation of BEO (1% and 2.5%) and injection of diazepam (1 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly increased the percentage of open arm entries on the EPM. The percentage time spent in the open arms was also significantly enhanced following administration of either BEO (2.5% and 5%) or diazepam. Total arm entries were significantly increased with the highest dose (5%), suggesting an increase in locomotor activity. In the hole-board test, 2.5% BEO and diazepam significantly increased the number of head dips. 2.5% BEO and diazepam attenuated the corticosterone response to acute stress caused by exposure to the EPM. In conclusion, both BEO and diazepam exhibited anxiolytic-like behaviour and attenuated HPA axis activity by reducing the corticosterone response to stress. (9)

 

Basil plays another important role.  Amongst other properties, Basil is anti-spasmodic and a cephalic (in Aromatherapy, pertaining to remedies for the head).  It has the ability to clear our minds and help to relieve voluntary or involuntary muscle spasms.

 

Looking at case study on a 37 year-old male with panic attacks and agoraphobia was taking venlafaxine 225 mg, alprazolam 2mg, and risperidone 2 mg daily, after 3 months of olfactory conditioning with Basil, he was able to go without his presently used drugs.  At his 1 year follow-up, he was smelling Basil only once or twice a month and no longer suffered from panic attacks or agoraphobia.  There were two cases studies mentioned with basil and with success in treating symptoms of PTSD.  (10)

 

During a single-blind randomized clinical trial, a comparison was made of the effects of massage therapy utilizing aromatherapy for anxiety and pain on burn victims, it was found that the aromatherapy reduced the anxiety and pain exponentially.  Anxiety and pain are recognized as major problems of burn patients; because pharmaceutical treatments for controlling anxiety and pain symptoms lead to complications and an increase in health costs, nonpharmacological nursing interventions were considered for this group of patients. This led to the present study aimed at comparing the effect of aromatherapy massage with inhalation aromatherapy for anxiety and pain in burn patients.  The study results showed the positive effect of aromatherapy massage and inhalation aromatherapy compared with the control group in reducing both anxiety and pain of burn patients. Therefore, both interventions, which are inexpensive, and noninvasive nursing tasks can be proposed for alleviating anxiety and pain of burn patients. (11)

 

We’ve heard about the oils but what makes them so effective? The major chemical components that assist with the symptoms discussed is listed below.  Linalool and Linalyl acetate are big contributors. (See chart below)  (12)

 

Below is a chart of not only the oils discussed but other essential oils that play a huge part in controlling symptoms.  A blend has been formulated for inhalers as a direct route to the olfactory system.  This is available on my website.  Charting the chemistry and therapeutic actions of the oils gives clarity to the therapeutic as well as emotional support of the oils.  Note: CNS=central nervous system SMXLL

 

These oils also possess properties that are anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, and much more than I can list.  I wanted to highlight on properties most pertinent to PTSD, although all properties play a part in the overall healing process.

 

Emotional support of the oils:

 

Basil offers energetic support, supports self-confidence and motivation as well as clears the mind and is emotionally uplifting. Ho Wood is calming to the mind, Roman Chamomile calms, soothes, sedates, lessens anxiety and stress, and harmonizes thoughts. Clary Sage reduces anxiety, calms the mind and is emotionally uplifting.  Sweet Marjoram calms obsessive thinking, supports self-care, comforts and warms and has a calming effect to the heart and is known to assist with high blood pressure.  Bergamot is relaxing, restorative, calming, emotionally uplifting, supports the release of repressed emotion and helps to reduce insomnia and anxiety.  Lavender is calming, soothing and nurtures. It encourages balance in all the body systems.  It has a strong ability to reduce anxiety and fear.  Lavender helps to calm and control panic attacks.

 

Please take a moment to visit Valerie Pallotta, a Mother of love and conviction who is actively working on a grant for Veterans facing PTSD.  Learn more at http://joshpallottafund.org/.

 

This article is dedicated with deep love and affection to my daughter, Laura, who was diagnosed with PTSD in 2016.

 

 

Research:

  1. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/post-traumatic-stress-disorder-ptsd/index.shtml
  2. http://science.howstuffworks.com/life/inside-the-mind/emotions/fear.htm
  3. https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00784771
  4. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267097904_PLEASE_SCROLL_DOWN_FOR_ARTICLE_Hypnotherapeutic_Olfactory_Conditioning_HOC_Case_Studies_of_Needle_Phobia_Panic_Disorder_and_Combat-Induced_PTSD
  5. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22475718
  6. https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ecam/2013/681304/
  7. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28579958
  8. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273784711
  9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21105176
  10. Clinical Aromatherapy Essential Oils in Healthcare, Jane Buckle, PhD, RN; pg. 234
  11. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305417916301863
  12. http://tisserandinstitute.org/learn-more/linalool/
  13. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28398260

 

Further Resources

  1. http://www.irjponline.com/admin/php/uploads/vol2-issue9/8.pdf
  2. https://www.ptsd.va.gov/professional/newsletters/research-quarterly/V28N2.pdf
  3. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305417916301863
  4. https://bmccomplementalternmed.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1472-6882-14-310
  5. http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/22/4/614
  6. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20093169
  7. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/6497960_Cerebral_Activation_to_Intranasal_Chemosensory_Trigeminal_Stimulation

 

After further research, I’m adding additional references on PTSD and Aroma from Jane Buckles book, Clinical Aromatherapy Essential Oils in Healthcare; page 234:

  1. Abramovitz & Litchenberg, 2009 case study on Hypnotherapy (3 participants)
  2. Dileo et al, 2008 case study on War Veterans (31 participants)
  3. Hinton et al, 2004 case study on Combodian refugees (100 participants)
  4. Vasterling et al, 2000 case study on War Veterans (68 participants)
  5. Vermetten et al, 2007 case study on War Veterans (16 particpants)

 

Thank you, Rehne <3 

Look for more exciting, informative, and well-researched articles to come!